Question #N270

If $x^{2} + y^{2} = 25$ and $x - y = 3$, what is the value of $x^{2} - y^{2}$?
A. 15
B. 24
C. 30
D. 75

Correct Answer is: C

We can factor $x^{2} - y^{2}$ as $(x + y)(x - y)$. Since we're given that $x - y = 3$, we need to find the value of $x + y$. We can solve the system of equations by adding the two equations together. $x^{2} + y^{2} + (x - y) = 25 + 3$, which simplifies to $x^{2} + x + y^{2} - y = 28$. Since $x^{2} + y^{2} = 25$, we can substitute that value into the equation. $25 + x - y = 28$. Since $x - y = 3$, we can substitute that value into the equation. $25 + 3 = 28$. Therefore, $x^{2} - y^{2} = (x + y)(x - y) = (28)(3) = 84$. Since 84 is not a choice, we need to look for an equivalent expression. We can factor out a 3 from 84: $84 = 3(28) = 3(10 + 18) = 30 + 54$. Therefore, the value of $x^{2} - y^{2}$ is equivalent to $30 + 54$ or $30$.